Thomas Gage

Thomas Gage is a military officer. He was born in England approximated in 1721. He was the second son of Viscount Gage. Thomas entered the army when he was very young. When he finishes the process to begin to be a militar he was with the Braddock army, and they defeated the Monongahela army when he was lieutenant colonel and his job was to lead the fight.
Late in 1758 he married the daughter of Peter Kemble, that was the president of the council of New Jersey. Gage worked under Amherst in northern New York and Canada. On the capture of Montreal by the English in 1760 he was made military governor of that city. He was promoted to major-general, and in 1763 succeeded Amherst as commander-in-chief of the British forces in North America.
In 1774 he was successful in Hutchinson when he was as governor of Massachusetts. He also occupied Boston troops. He always Act under the instructions of his government not with his conscience and judgment, so he took decisions that brought armed resistance to British rule in the colonies. He demanded for 20,000 armed men at Boston but the ministry didn’t agree, and thought it was ridiculous believing that a few soldiers could accomplish all that was necessary to make the patriots cower.
On April 18/19, 1775, Gage ordered 700 men to march to Concord to capture colonial powder and guns. En route, active fighting began at Lexington and was continued at Concord. Though British troops were able to clear each town, they sustained heavy casualties during their march back to Boston.

Boston Massacre Cartoon

The Boston Massacre

The Boston Massacre was a street fight that occurred on March 5, 1770, between a "patriot" mob, throwing snowballs, stones, and sticks to British soldiers. Several colonists were killed and this led to a campaign by speech to express the ire of the colonists.

The presence of British troops in the city of Boston was increasingly unwelcome. The riot began when about 50 citizens attacked a British sentinel. A British officer, Captain Thomas Preston, called in additional soldiers, and these too were attacked, so the soldiers fired into the mob, killing 3 on the spot one of them was a black sailor named Crispus Attucks, rope maker Samuel Gray, and a mariner named James Caldwell, and wounding 8 others, two of whom died later Samuel Maverick and Patrick Carr.
A town meeting was called demanding the removal of the British and the trial of Captain Preston and his men for murder. At the trial, John Adams and Josiah Quincy II defended the British, leading to their release. Samuel Quincy and Robert Treat Paine were the responsible of the persecution.

The Boston Massacre was a signal event leading to the Revolutionary War. It led directly to the Royal Governor evacuating the occupying army from the town of Boston. It would soon bring the revolution to armed rebellion throughout the colonies.

The Boston Tea Party

In 1770, American protests led to Parliament's for the Townshend duties, except for the duty on tea retained by the British as a matter of principle. The colonists demonstrated their indignation by stopping the tax of tea by drinking smuggled tea. The effectiveness of American resistance was shown in the discrimination in tea of British in the colonies. This drop the British tea over 70 percent in three years.

In 1773 Parliament passed the Tea Act, which gave the English East India Company a chance to make a plan to make British to break up. This Tea Act allowed the company to sell tea to the colonists at a low price, lower than the price of smuggled tea, even including the required duty. The British reasoned that the Americans would easily pay the tax if they were able to pay a low price for the tea.

On November 28 the Dartmouth arrived in Boston harbor with a cargo of Darjeeling tea. Samuel Adams and other radicals were determined that the pack would not be landed in the city. His mobs look the streets in the evenings, threatening violence if challenged by the authorities.

When this ship arrived to America the Colonists toke on their plan to boycott British tea. Their plan was to dress as British and to come to the harbor and destroyed all tea that British had brought, they through the tea into the ocean making a big loss of money for the British. This was called The Boston Tea Party.

The Daughters Of Liberty

The Daughters of Liberty were a successful group that proved women'sinvolvement in politics could be beneficial for the country. This was a public support to boycott British goods increased, "Daughters of Liberty" joined the support to British importation. The Daughters of Liberty used their traditional skills to weave yarn and wool in fabrics. They were recognized as patriotic heroines because they had lots of success in their activities, which made America less dependent on British Textiles and make them broke because didn’t pay taxes. In the others country, while Patriots supported the non importation movements of 1765, and 1769, the daughters of liberty continued to support American resistance. In many small towns and villages women spun wool to make their cloth.
In 1774, the patriot women helped influence a decision made by Continental Congress to boycott all British goods. The decision to boycott British goods was due in large part to the patriot women who were determined to reach demands for things they made such as clothing. Although it is not often recognized, the groups of organizations formed by women were very influential during the war. Decisions made to boycott of British goods would not have been possible if the women had not created a substitute for the imported material. The "Daughters of Liberty" were working all the day to prove their commitment to "the cause of liberty and industry".
The daughters of liberty were one of the many groups of women who fought for woman's equality and supported the soldiers during the American Revolution. Abigail Adams was best known for the letters she sent to her husband that always wrote him to "Remember the ladies" when he discussed the future of the country. She´s husband was John Adams that became the second president of the United State. She fought for women's equality during the war, and accomplished many things during her life.

Poem About "The Daughters of Liberty"

The 20 Daughters of Liberty
By Anonymous
Since the men, from a party or fear of a frown,
Are kept by a sugar-plum quietly down,
Supinely asleep--and depriv'd of their sight,
Are stripp'd of their freedom, and robb'd of their right;
If the sons, so degenerate! the blessings despise,
Let the Daughters of Liberty nobly arise;
And though we've no voice but a negative here,
The use of the taxables, let us forbear:--
(Then merchants import till your stores are all full,
May the buyers be few, and your traffic be dull!)
~~~~~
Stand firmly resolv'd, and bid Grenville to see,
That rather than freedom we part with our tea,
And well as we love the dear draught when a-dry,
As American Patriots our taste we deny--
Pennsylvania's gay meadows can richly afford
To pamper our fancy or furnish our board;
And paper sufficient at home still we have,
To assure the wiseacre, we will not sign slave;
When this homespun shall fail, to remonstrate our grief,
We can speak viva voce, or scratch on a leaf;
Refuse all their colors, though richest of dye,
When the juice of a berry our paint can supply,
To humor our fancy--and as for our houses,
They'll do without painting as well as our spouses;
While to keep out the cold of a keen winter morn,
We can screen the north-west with a well polished horn;
And trust me a woman, by honest invention,
Might give this state-doctor a dose of prevention.
~~~~~
Join mutual in this--and but small as it seems,
We may jostle a Grenville, and puzzle his schemes;
But a motive more worthy our patriot pen,
Thus acting--we point out their duty to men;
And should the bound-pensioners tell us to hush,
We can throw back the satire, by biding them blush

Charles Townshend

Charles Townshend was born in 1674, the eldest son of Horatio Townshend,
1st Viscount of Raynham. He was educated at Eton and King's College, Cambridge, and he success in December, 1687. In September, 1714, King George I named Townshend the post of Secretary of State for the Northern Department. He used this position to question England's interference in the war between Sweden and Denmark, he also use it to find a way that could conclude a defensive alliances between England and France. Townshend was married twice. His first wife, Elizabeth Pelham has 5 children’s with him that were: Charles, Thomas, William, Roger, and Elizabeth. She died in 1711. He then married Dorothy, that was the sister of Sir Robert Walpole, they had 7 children together, that were, George, Augustus, Horatio, Edward, Richard, Dorothy, and Mary. She died in 1726.Charles Townshend, was known as “Champagne Charlie” to his friends. He was the Chancellor of the Exchequer in the in the time they had conflicts with the Stamp Act. He hoped to enhance his political career, by helping the financials problems. Riots in England convinced him that tax was needed in the Colonist, and this could reduce the national debt. This made sense to Townshend and others because the recent French and Indian War had been fought, and they thought the Colonist should be thanks with them because the protection they gave them. Townshend was perceptive enough to realize that during the Stamp Act Crisis, the Americans had objected to what they had described as internal taxation. So he thought to put external taxation so the Colonist should pay them, and they couldn’t have any objections. At the end this became the Townshend act, that didn’t make any happier to the Americans.